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Agriculture -- The number of farms and proportion of land in farms. Formula: ([acres in farms]/[total acres in county])*100. Source: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service Census of Agriculture.

Adequate immunization -- The percentage of 2-year-olds who are adequately immunized. Formula: ([# of children age 19-35 months who received 4 doses Diphtheria/Tetances/Acellular Pertussis, 3 Polio, 1 Measles/Mumps/Rubella, 3 Haemophilus and 1 Influenza type b immunizations]/[total # of children age 19-35 months])*100. Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as reported by the Oregon Progress Board Benchmark Reports.

Arrest Rates by Crime -- The annual arrest rates for four categories of offenses per 1,000 people. 1991 data used for 1990. Formula: ([# arrests]/[total population in county])*1000. Source: State of Oregon Criminal Justice Commission.

1. Crimes Against Person-- Include willful murder, negligent homicide, rape, other sex crimes, kidnapping, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault
2. Crimes Against Property-- Include burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson, forgery/counterfeit, fraud, embezzlement, stolen property, and vandalism
3. Behavioral Crimes-- Include weapons regulation laws, prostitution, drug laws, gambling, offenses against family, D.U.I.I., liquor laws, disorderly conduct, all other offenses (except traffic), curfew, and runaway juveniles
4. Index Crimes-- Are willful murder, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny (theft), motor vehicle theft, and arson.

Average annual payroll per covered worker -- Average annual payroll for workers covered by unemployment insurance. Formula: [total payroll, all industries]/[average annual employment, all industries]. Source: Oregon Employment Department, as reported by Oregon Progress Board Benchmark Report.

Average Family Size -- The number of members of families divided by the total number of families, where a family is a group of two or more people who reside together and who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption. Formula: [# of all people in families]/[# of families]. Source: US Census Bureau.

Average Household Size -- The number of people who share a housing unit as their usual place of residence divided by the total number of households. Formula: [# of all people in households]/[# of households]. Source: US Census Bureau.

Babies with mothers receiving pre-natal care -- The percentage of babies whose mothers received pre-natal care beginning in their first trimester. Formula: ([# of births to mothers receiving prenatal care in 1st trimester]/[total births])*100. Source: Oregon Department of Human Services, Center for Health Statistics.

Births to single women -- The percent of live births that are to unmarried women Formula: ([number of births to unwed women]/([number of births to unwed women]+[number of births to wed women]))*100. Source: Oregon Department of Human Services, Center for Health Statistics.

Census Mail Response Rates -- Formula: ([# census surveys returned completed]/[# of surveys mailed out])*100. Source: Pennsylvania State University, Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development.

Census tracts -- Small, relatively permanent subdivisions of a county or equivalent entity. The primary purpose of census tracts is to provide a stable set of geographic units for the presentation of decennial census data. The 2000 decennial census was the first for which the entire United States was covered by census tracts. For the 1990 census, some counties had census tracts and others had block numbering areas (BNAs).

Census tracts generally have between 1,500 and 8,000 people, with an optimum size of 4,000 people. Counties with fewer than 1,500 people have a single census tract. Census tracts on American Indian reservations, off-reservation trust lands, and special places must contain a minimum of 1,000 people.

When first delineated, census tracts are designed to be relatively homogeneous with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions. The spatial size of census tracts varies widely depending on the density of settlement. Physical changes in street patterns caused by highway construction, new developments, and so forth, may require occasional boundary revisions. In addition, census tracts occasionally are split due to population growth or combined as a result of substantial population decline. (U.S. Census Bureau; https://www.census.gov/glossary/)

Child Abuse Rates -- The number of children under age 18 who were reported as victims of child abuse or neglect, per 1,000 juveniles. Fomula: ([# of children reported victims]/[total population under 18])*1000. Source: Oregon Department of Human Services.

Child care slots available -- Number of childcare slots available through and reported by regulated and legally exempt child care providers, per 100 children under age 13. Formula: (([# of childcare slots available]/[total population under 13])*100. Source: Child Care Research Partnership and Oregon Employment Department, as reported by Oregon Progress Board Benchmark Report.

Child Poverty Rate -- The percentage of children under 18 whose families' income falls below the poverty threshold for their family size. Formula: ([# of children with income less than poverty level]/[total children with poverty status determined])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Children 'ready-to-learn' -- The percentage of children entering school that meet readiness standards in six developmental dimensions (physical well-being, language use, approach to learning, cognition and general knowledge, motor development and social/emotional development), as assessed by Kindergarten teachers. Source: Oregon Department of Education, as reported by Oregon Progress Board Benchmark Report.

Commercial Banking -- The number of commercial banks, number of offices of commercial banks, and amount of deposits (in $1,000s) therein. Source: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Summary of Deposits.

Community Organizations -- The numbers of the following membership organizations and community facilities within a county: Bowling Centers, Civic and Social Associations, Physical Fitness Facilities, Public Golf Courses, Religious Organizations, Sports Clubs, Managers, and Promoters, Membership Sports and Recreation Clubs, Political Organizations, Professional Organizations, Business Associations, Labor Organizations, other Membership Organizations, and Not-for-Profit Organizations. Source: Pennsylvania State University, Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development.

Crop & Animal Product sales -- Total gross farm sales, in $1,000s, for crops (including grains, hay & forage, grass & legume seeds, field crops, tree fruits & nuts, small fruits and berries, and vegetable crops) and animal products (including cattle & calves, dairy products, eggs & poultry, and misc. animals). Source: Oregon Agricultural Information Network, Oregon State University Extension Service.

Days of unhealthy air -- The number of days of unhealthy air, for sensitive groups and all groups. Source: Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Air Quality Division, as reported by the Oregon Progress Board Benchmark Reports.

Disease Incidence -- The number of communicable disease diagnoses per 1,000 people. Formula: ([# new cases]/[county population])*1000. Source: Oregon Department of Human Services, Public Health Division, Acute and Communicable Disease Prevention Program.

Economic Type Code -- One of six mutually exclusive economic categories developed by the US Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service (only 5 apply in Oregon):
Farming-dependent--either 15 percent or more of average annual labor and proprietors' earnings derived from farming during 1998-2000 or 15 percent or more of employed residents worked in farm occupations in 2000.
Manufacturing-dependent--25 percent or more of average annual labor and proprietors' earnings derived from manufacturing during 1998-2000.
Federal/State government-dependent--15 percent or more of average annual labor and proprietors' earnings derived from Federal and State government during 1998-2000.
Services-dependent--45 percent or more of average annual labor and proprietors' earnings derived from services (SIC categories of retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services) during 1998-2000.
Nonspecialized--did not meet the dependence threshold for any one of the above industries.

Education Standardized Test Scores -- The percentage of 5th and 8th graders who met or exceeded the required reading and math scores on the state standardized test. Source: Oregon Department of Education.

Educational Attainment -- The percentage of the population age 25+ with High School equivalency or greater education. Formula: # of High school graduates + # of individuals with some college + # of individuals with Associate degree + # of individuals with Bachelor's + # of individuals with Master's + # of individuals with Professional degree + # of individuals with Doctorate / Total Population age 25 and over.

Eighth grade drug usage -- Percent of 8th graders who report using alcohol, illegal drugs or cigarettes in the past 30 days. Formula example: ([# teens, report using alcohol in survey]/[# of teens, taking survey])*100. Source: Oregon Public Schools Drug Use Survey, Office of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Programs and Oregon Healthy Teens Survey, Oregon Department of Human Services, as reported by the Oregon Progress Board Benchmark Reports.

Eligible for free & reduced lunch -- Qualification is based on the Department of Health and Human Services federal poverty guidelines for a given household size. Households with net income at or below 130% of the guidelines qualify for free lunches; those between 130% and 185% qualify for reduced price lunches. Formula: (([#eligible for free lunch]+[# eligible for reduced price lunch])/[total enrolled students)*100. Source: Oregon Department of Education.

Employed in creative classes -- The share of workers in occupations that involve a high level of "thinking creatively." This skill element is defined as "developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions." Formula: ([# employed in creative class occupations]/[total # employed])*100. Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.

Employment Concentration in Professional Services, Relative to the US Concentration (US = 100%) -- The professional services industry includes investment advice, advertising agencies, engineering services, architectural services, accounting services, management consulting services, and legal services. It identifies the proportion of covered employment (covered by unemployment insurance) in professional services relative to the national proportion. Source: Oregon Employment Department and US Bureau of Labor Statistics, as reported by the Oregon Progress Board Benchmark Reports.

Entrepreneurship -- The share of all private establishment jobs that are in non-employer establishments. Non-employer establishments have no employees, annual receipts of >$1000 ($1 for construction), and are subject to federal income taxes. Private Establishment Jobs: private, non-farm jobs, both full-time and part-time. Formula: ([# of jobs in non-employer establishments]/[# of jobs in private, non-farm establishments])*100. Source: US Census Bureau Non-employer Statistics and Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Economic Accounts.

Environmental Cleanup Sites -- The number of environmental cleanup sites with known or potential contamination from hazardous substances on the confirmed release list. Source: Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Land Quality Division.

Families with Children -- The percentage of families with children under 18 years old. Formula: (([# married-couples with children under 18]+[# single men with own children under 18]+[#single women with own children under 18])/[total # of families])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Farmer's Markets per Capita -- The number of farmer's markets listed with the Oregon Farmer's Market Association per 1,000 people. Formula: ([# of farmers markets in county]/[total population in county])*1000. Source: Oregon Farmer's Market Association.

Food Insecure Estimate -- The percentage of households with limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or with limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in a socially acceptable way. Calculated at the county level using a model that predicts food insecurity based on highly correlated socio-demographic factors.
Source: Rural Studies Program, Oregon State University.

Food Insecure with hunger -- The percentage of food insecure households that also experienced hunger due to lack of food. Source: Rural Studies Program, Oregon State University.

Four-year degree Educational Attainment -- The percentage of the population age 25+ with 4-year degree or greater education. Formula: ([# people over 25 with 4-year degree + # with master's + # with professional degree+ # with doctorate]/[total population over 25])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Grocery Stores per Capita -- The number of grocery stores (retail grocers only, including convenience stores) per 1,000 people. Formula: ([# of grocery stores]/[total population])*1000. Source: Yellow Pages.

Harvested Acreage, all crop types --Source: Oregon Agricultural Information Network, Oregon State University Extension Service.

Health Insurance Coverage -- The percentage of adults with health insurance (public or private). Formula: ([# adults with health insurance]/[total population over 18])*100. Source: Oregon Department of Human Services, Center for Health Statistics.

High School Dropout Rate -- Formula: ([total # of drop outs]/[total # enrolled as of October 1])*100. Source: Oregon Department of Education.

High School Educational Attainment -- The percentage of the population age 25+ with High School equivalency or greater education. Formula: ([# people over 25 with high school equivalent + # with some college + # with associate's + # with 4-year degree + # with master's + # with professional degree+ # with doctorate]/[total population over 25])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

High School Dropout Rate --Formula: ([total # of drop outs]/[total # enrolled as of October 1])*100. Source: Oregon Department of Education.

Histogram of income distribution -- Each bar represents the number of households with annual income in that income range. Source: US Census Bureau.

Individuals in extreme poverty -- The percentage of individuals with family income less than 50% of the poverty threshold that corresponds to their family size. Formula: ([# of individuals at 50% of poverty]/[total # of people for whom poverty status is determined])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Individuals with Income 185% of the Poverty Level -- The percentage of individuals with family income less than 185% of the poverty threshold that corresponds to their family size. Formula: ([# of individuals with income less than 185% of poverty level]/[total individuals with poverty status determined])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Industry Employment Rates -- The percentage of workers in each of 13 industries. Formula example: ([# employed, construction industry]/[total # employed, all industries])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Infants born to mothers who used alcohol or tobacco while pregnant -- The percentage of live births to mothers who self-reported use of alcohol or cigarettes while pregnant. Formula example: ([# born to mothers using tobacco while pregnant]/[total # of births])*100.
Source: Oregon Department of Human Services, Center for Health Statistics

Juvenile Crime Rates -- The annual arrest rates of juveniles per 1000 juvenile population, for the same crime categories. Formula: ([# arrests of juveniles]/[total juvenile population in county])*1000. Source: State of Oregon Criminal Justice Commission.

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks -- The number of sites in active cleanup that have reported releases from petroleum-containing underground storage tanks, including residential heating oil tanks, regulated tanks at gas stations and other commercial facilities, and non-regulated tanks. Source: Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Land Quality Division.

Linguistic Isolation by age group -- The percentage of the total population and the population age 5-17, 18-64, and 65 and older in households where all members 14 years and older have at least some difficulty with English. Formula example: ([# of people in linguistically isolated households]/[total population])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Marital Status by Gender -- The percentage of men or women over age 15 who have either never been married, are currently married, are widowed, or are divorced. Formula example: ([# unmarried men]/[population of men age 15+])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Median Household Income -- The household income at which 50% of households in the population earn less and 50% earn more. Source: US Census Bureau.

Median Age -- The age at which 50% of the population is younger and 50% is older. Source: US Census Bureau.

Median Home Value -- The reported home value at which 50% of homes are valued lower and 50% are valued greater. Source: US Census Bureau.

Metropolitan Status -- A metro area, as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget, includes one or more counties containing a core urban area of 50,000 or more people, together with any adjacent counties that have a high degree of social and economic integration (as measured by commuting to work) with the urban core. OMB also defines micropolitan statistical areas using the same method but centered around urban areas with at least 10,000 but no more than 50,000 people. Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.

Migrant - Any person who moves their place of residence across county, state, or national borders.

Migration and Moves by Original Location -- The percentage of migrants and movers who came from various areas: the same county, a different county in OR, the Northeast, the Midwest, the South, elsewhere in the West, or elsewhere. Formula example: ([# migrants from same county]/[total # of migrants])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Mortality Rate by Age Group -- The number of people in each age category who died during the interval year per 1000 people. Formula: ([# of deaths in age group]/[total population of age group])*1000. Source: Oregon Department of Human Services, Center for Health Statistics

Natural Amenities Scale -- The natural amenities scale is a national measure of the physical characteristics of a county area that enhance the location as a place to live. The scale was constructed by combining six measures of climate, typography, and water area that reflect environmental qualities most people prefer. These measures are warm winter, winter sun, temperate summer, low summer humidity, topographic variation, and water area. The rank corresponds to the degree of deviation from the mean of the scale. Ranks run from 1 -- 7, with 7 being the highest in amenity value (with scores over 3 standard deviations from the mean) and 1 the lowest (less than -2 standard deviations from the mean). All Oregon values are 4, 5, or 6: 4 = average amenities, 0 to 1 standard deviations above mean; 5 = moderate amenities, 1 to 2, and 6 = moderate high amenities, 2 to 3. Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.

Net job loss/growth -- Change in the number of jobs between the listed year and the year prior, per 1000 population. Formula: (([# jobs this year]-[# jobs last year])/[total county population])*1000. Source: Oregon Employment Department, as reported by Oregon Progress Board Benchmark Report.

Number of impaired lakes --The number of 303d listed lakes (those not meeting federal clean water standards) within the county. Source: Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Division.

Number of impaired stream reaches -- The number of 303d listed stream reaches (those not meeting federal clean water standards) within the county. Source: Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Division.

Obesity -- The percentage of adults who are obese (with a Body Mass Index greater than 30 kg/m2). Formula: ([# obese adults]/[total population over 18])*100. Source: Oregon Department of Human Services, Center for Health Statistics.

Occupation Employment Rates -- The percentage of workers in each of six occupations. Formula example: ([# in sales & office occupations]/[total # employed in all occupations])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Per capita personal income as % of US -- To divide land into two or three parcels of land within a calendar year. Per capita personal income expressed as a percentage of the US per capita personal income. Formula: ([local per capita income]/[U.S. per capita income])*100. Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Economic Accounts.

Policy Type Code(s) -- When listed, the county falls into one of these non-mutually exclusive designations:
Housing stress--30 percent or more of households had one or more of these housing conditions in 2000: lacked complete plumbing, lacked complete kitchen, paid 30 percent or more of income for owner costs or rent, or had more than 1 person per room.
Low-education--25 percent or more of residents 25-64 years old had neither a high school diploma nor GED in 2000.
Low-employment--less than 65 percent of residents 21-64 years old were employed in 2000.
Nonmetro recreation--classified using a combination of factors, including share of employment or share of earnings in recreation-related industries in 1999, share of seasonal or occasional use housing units in 2000, and per capita receipts from motels and hotels in 1997.
Retirement destination--number of residents 60 and older grew by 15 percent or more between 1990 and 2000 due to inmigration.
Creative Class County: scored in the top quarter nationwide for creative class employment rates. Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.

Population Pyramid -- A vertical bar graph that shows the age and sex structure of the population. Each bar represents the proportion of the population in a five-year age group during the year and each side of the graph shows the proportion of that age group that is female or male. Formula for each bar: ([population in age-gender group]/[total population])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Poverty Rate -- The percentage of individuals whose family income falls below the poverty threshold for their family size. Formula: ([# of individuals below poverty line]/[# of people for whom poverty status is determined])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Pregnancy rate, females 15 -- 17 -- Formula: ([number of pregnancies to females age 15-17]/[number of females age 15-17])*1000. Source: Oregon Department of Human Services, Center for Health Statistics.

Prevalence of Housing Cost Burden -- The percentage of renters and owners paying 30% or greater of their income on rent or mortgage. Formula: (([# renters paying >30% of income on rent]+[# owners paying >30% of income on mortgage])/[total # of households])*100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

Prevalence of Migrants and Movers in last 5 years -- The percentage of the current population (e.g., 2000) that lived in a different house 5 years previous (e.g., 1995). Formula: ([# lived in different house 5 years prior]/[total population])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Property Ownership by Age -- The percentage of householders in each age category who either own or rent their dwelling. Formula example: ([# of householders renting, in age category]/[total # of householders in age category])*100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

Property Tax Imposed -- The total property tax imposed, in thousands of dollars. Source: Oregon Department of Revenue.

Property Tax Rate -- The average property tax rate per $1,000 of the Real Market Value. Source: Oregon Department of Revenue.

Race/Ethnicity -- The percentage of the total population who self-identify as one of seven racial categories - mono-racially (only) white, mono-racially black, mono-racially American Indian or Alaska Native, mono-racially Asian, mono-racially Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, mono-racially some other race, bi- or multi-racial, or as ethnically Latino. In 1990, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders are counted as Asian and bi- and multi-racial individuals are not counted separately from mono-racial individuals. Formula example: ([# mono-racially white, non-latino people]/[total population])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Rate of Homeownership -- The percentage of housing units occupied by homeowners (as opposed to renters). Formula: ([# of housing units occupied by owners]/[total # of housing units])*100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

Rate of Self-Employment -- The percentage of households with self-employment income. Formula: ([# households with self-employment income]/[total # of households])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Real Market Value of Property -- The total market value of property, in thousands of dollars. Source: Oregon Department of Revenue.

Renters and Owners below median income, burdened -- The percentage of renters or owners who have below median income and spend 30% or more of their income on rent or mortgage. Formula example: ([# renters with below median income spending more than 30% on rent]/[# of renters below median income])*100. Source: Oregon Housing and Community Services Department, as reported by the Oregon Progress Board Benchmark Reports.

Rural-Urban Migration -- The percentage of migrants to metropolitan areas who lived in a non-metropolitan area five years prior to the Census, and the percentage of migrants to non-metropolitan areas who lived in a metropolitan area five years prior to the Census. Formula examples: ([# living in metro area in 2000 and not in 1995]/[# migrants living in metro area in 2000])*100; ([# living in non-metro area in 2000 and not in 1995]/[# migrants living in non-metro area in 2000])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Rural Area -- Any area within the state of Oregon except the urbanized portions of metropolitan statistical areas, as determined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census.

Rural Population -- The percentage of the population who live in areas designated as rural by the U.S. Census Bureau. Rural is considered to be all territory, population and housing units not in urbanized areas and not in places of more than 2,500 persons outside of urbanized areas. Formula: ([rural population]/[total population])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Savings Banks -- The number of savings institutions, number of offices of and amount of deposits (in $1,000s) therein. Source: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Summary of Deposits.

Seasonal vacancies -- The percentage of vacant units that are for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use. Formula: ([# seasonal, recreational, occasional use vacant units]/[total # vacant units])*100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

Share of seniors living independently -- This measure estimates the percentage of Oregonians ages 75 and older that are living independently outside of nursing facilities on any given day. 1992 data used for 1990. Formula: ([# seniors living independently]/[total population 75 and over])*100. Source: Oregon Department of Human Services, Senior and Disabled Services Division, as reported by the Oregon Progress Board Benchmark Reports.

Single-Parent Families with Children -- Of families with children, the percentage headed by a single parent, either male or female. Formula: (([# single men with own children under 18]+[# single women with own children under 18])/[total number of families with children under 18])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Standardized Test Scores -- The percentage of 5^th and 8^th graders who met or exceeded the required reading and math scores on the state standardized test. Formula: Reported annual % of 5^th or 8^th graders who met or exceeded Math requirements. Reported annual % of 5^th or 8^th graders who met or exceeded Reading requirements.

Suicides - rate per thousand -- Formula: ([# of suicides]/[total population in county])*1000. Source: Oregon Department of Human Services, Center for Health Statistics.

Timber Harvest -- The amount, in 1000s of board feet, harvested by each of the following groups: industry, other private, Native American, state public, Bureau of Land Management, US Forest Service, and other public agencies. Source: Oregon Department of Forestry.

Total Housing Units -- The total number of housing units either occupied or intended for occupancy. Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

Total Population -- The total number of individuals enumerated by the US Census Bureau or estimated by the State Data Center at Portland State University's Population Research Center during inter-censal years. Source: US Census Bureau, Population Research Center at Portland State University.

Travel Time to Work -- The percentage of workers who commute various durations to work. Formula example: ([# commuting less than 10 min]/[total # of commuters])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Types of household income -- The percentage of households receiving the following non-exclusive types of income: wage & salary, social security, public assistance, and/or retirement. Formula example: ([# households with wage & salary income]/[# of all households])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Unemployment Rate -- The percentage of individuals above the age of 16 who are not employed, but looking for work. Formula: ([# over 16 unemployed]/[# of people over 16 in labor force])*100. Source: US Census Bureau.

Urban Influence Code -- Presence and/or influence of urban areas to any given county. The possible codes are:

2003 Urban Influence Codes

Code

1. Large-in a metro area with at least 1 million residents or more
2. Small-in a metro area with fewer than 1 million residents
3. Micropolitan area adjacent to a large metro area
4. Noncore adjacent to a large metro area
5. Micropolitan area adjacent to a small metro area
6. Noncore adjacent to a small metro area with town of at least 2,500 residents
7. Noncore adjacent to a small metro area and does not contain a town of at least 2,500 residents
8. Micropolitan area not adjacent to a metro area
9. Noncore adjacent to micro area and contains a town of at least 2,500 residents
10. Noncore adjacent to micro area and does not contain a town of at least 2,500 residents
11. Noncore not adjacent to a metro/micro area and contains a town of 2,500 or more residents
12. Noncore not adjacent to a metro/micro area and does not contain a town of at least 2,500 residents

1993 Urban Influence Codes

Code

1. Large-in a metro area with at least 1 million residents or more
2. Small-in a metro area with fewer than 1 million residents
3. Adjacent to a large metro area and contains a city of at least 10,000 residents
4. Adjacent to a large metro area and does not have a city of at least 10,000 residents
5. Adjacent to a small metro area and contains a city of at least 10,000 residents
6. Adjacent to a small metro area and does not have a city of at least 10,000 residents
7. Not adjacent to a metro area and contains a city of at least 10,000 residents
8. Not adjacent to a metro area and contains a town of 2,500- 9,999 residents
9. Not adjacent to a metro area and does not contain a town of at least 2,500 residents

Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.

Vacancy Rate -- The percentage of housing units currently empty. Formula: ([# of vacant housing units]/[total # of housing units])*100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

Voter Participation in biennial general election -- The percentage of housing units currently empty. Formula: ([# of individuals who voted]/[# of registered voters])*100. Source: Oregon Secretary of State, as reported by the Oregon Progress Board Benchmark Reports.

Voter Turnout -- Share of population over 18 that cast votes in the 1992 presidential election. Formula: ([# votes cast]/[total population 18 and over])*100. Source: Pennsylvania State University, Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development.

Waste -- Pounds of solid waste land-filled or incinerated per capita. Formula: [# of pounds of solid waste]/[total population]. Source: Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Land Quality Division, as reported by the Oregon Progress Board Benchmark Reports.

Years of life lost before age 70 -- Years of potential life lost (YPLL) quantifies premature mortality occurring in younger age groups by measuring and standardizing the number of years between age at death and age 70. Source: Oregon Department of Human Services, Center for Health Statistics as reported by the Oregon Progress Board Benchmark Reports.