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Print-friendlyShrub Swamps and Shrub Riparian
Shrub swamps and shrub riparian
John Day River, Wheeler County
(John A. Christy, Oregon Biodiversity Information Center)
Shrub swamps and shrub riparian (see also Alkaline wetlands and Fens) occur along rivers and streams throughout the state and are often intermixed with upland portions of floodplains in a jumble of units that are difficult or impossible to map separately. Shrub swamps and shrub riparian are usually associated with seasonal flooding by streams and rivers along which they occur, but they may also be hydrated by perennial or seasonal seepage, tributary streams, or flooding caused by tidal cycles. Vegetation may be forested, scrub-shrub, or herbaceous, but is usually a mixture of alternating patches of all three different types. Historically, most riparian areas were grazed intensively by livestock, and severely degraded by soil compaction, denudation, downcutting of streams, and subsequent invasion by upland or exotic species. These impacts also degraded streams and caused problems for fish and other aquatic species. Over the last 20 years, extensive areas of riparian vegetation and hydrology have been restored by improved management practices.
Shrub swamps and shrub riparian map
Habitat: Edges of rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds; edges and interiors of peatlands; slopes, basins, and flats
Water regime: Perennially to seasonally flooded
Water chemistry: Fresh
| Ecoregion*: BM = Blue Mountains, BR = Northern Basin and Range, CB = Columbia Basin, CR = Coast Range, EC = East Cascades, KM = Klamath Mountains, WC = West Cascades, WV = Willamette Valley | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scientific & Common Name | Global & State Rank | Ecoregion* | ||
 |
Acer circinatum / Athyrium filix-femina - Tolmiea menziesii Shrub Swamp Vine maple / lady fern - piggyback plant (Murray 2000: 23; NS) |
G5S3 | WC | |
|
Acer circinatum - Corylus cornuta / Oxalis Riparian Shrubland [Provisional] Vine maple - California hazelnut - sorrel (McCain 2004: 231) |
G3S3 | CR | |
|
Acer glabrum - Philadelphus lewisii - Symphoricarpos albus Riparian Shrubland [Provisional] Mountain maple (Crowe et al. 2004: 184; Wells 2006: 114) |
G3S1 | BM | |
 |
Alnus incana / Athyrium filix-femina Wet Shrubland Mountain alder / lady fern (Crowe et al. 2004: 201; NS) |
G3S2 | BM | |
|
Alnus incana / Calamagrostis canadensis Wet Shrubland Mountain alder / bluejoint reedgrass (Crowe et al. 2004: 198; NS) |
G3S3 | BM | |
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Alnus incana / Carex (aquatilis, kelloggii, luzulina, pellita) Shrubland Mountain alder / sedge (Crowe et al. 2004: 197, 199; NS) |
G3S3 | BM | |
 |
Alnus incana / Equisetum arvense Wet Shrubland Mountain alder / common horsetail (Crowe et al. 2004: 204; Wells 2006: 104; NS) |
G3S3 | BM | |
 |
Alnus incana / Glyceria striata Wet Shrubland Mountain alder / fowl mannagrass (Crowe et al. 2004: 206; McCain et al. 2014: 62; Wells 2006: 104; NS) |
G3S3 | BM | |
 |
Alnus incana / mesic forbs Wet Shrubland Mountain alder / mesic forbs (Murray 2000: 30; Christy 2004: 36; Crowe et al. 2004: 209, 210; Odion et al. 2013: 95; NS) |
G3S3 | BM | |
|
Alnus incana / Scirpus microcarpus Wet Shrubland Mountain alder / smallfruited bulrush (Crowe et al. 2004: 195; NS) |
G3SS | BM, CB, EC | |
|
Alnus incana - Betula occidentalis / Carex amplifolia Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Mountain alder - water birch / big-leaf sedge (Crowe et al. 2004: 193; Wells 2006: 120) |
G3S3 | BM | |
|
Alnus incana - Cornus sericea Wet Shrubland Mountain alder / creek dogwood (Crowe et al. 2004: 217; Wells 2006: 100, 102, 105; NS) |
G3S3 | BM, BR, EC | |
|
Alnus incana - Cornus sericea - Philadelphus lewisii Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Mountain alder - creek dogwood - Lewis' mockorange (Crowe et al. 2004: 224) |
G2S2 | BM | |
|
Alnus incana - Physocarpus capitatus / Equisetum arvense - Elymus glaucus Shrubland [Provisional] Mountain alder - Pacific ninebark / common horsetail - blue wildrye (Crowe et al. 2004: 219) |
G3S2 | BM, CB, EC | |
|
Alnus incana - Ribes (inerme, hudsonianum, lacustre) Wet Shrubland Mountain alder - Pacific ninebark / common horsetail - blue wildrye (Crowe et al. 2004: 219) |
G3S2 | BM, EC | |
|
Alnus incana / Spiraea douglasii Wet Shrubland Mountain alder / Douglas spiraea (Crowe et al. 2004: 212; NS) |
G3S2 | BM, EC | |
 |
Alnus incana / Symphoricarpos albus Wet Shrubland Mountain alder - snowberry (Crowe et al. 2004: 220; Wells 2006: 105) |
G3S2 | BM, EC | |
|
Alnus incana - Betula occidentalis Shrubland Mountain alder-water birch |
G2S1 | BM, BR | |
|
Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata / Athyrium filix-femina - Cinna latifolia Wet Shrubland Sitka alder / lady fern shrub - slender woodreed (Crowe et al. 2004: 241, 244; Wells 2006: 99; NS) |
G4S4 | BM | |
|
Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata / Lysichiton americanus Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Sitka alder / skunk cabbage (Christy 2004: 37) |
G3S3 | WC | |
|
Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata / mesic forbs Wet Shrubland Sitka alder / mesic forbs (Crowe et al. 2004: 239; Wells 2006: 97; NS) |
G3S3 | BM, KM | |
|
Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata / Acer circinatum Shrub Swamp Sitka alder / vine maple (NS) |
G4S3 | WC | |
 |
Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata / Athyrium filix-femina - Cinna latifolia Shrubland Sitka alder/lady fern shrub - slender woodreed |
G4S4 | BM | |
|
Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata / Oplopanax horridus Shrub Swamp Sitka alder / devils club (NS) |
G4S4 | BM, WC | |
|
Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata / Rubus (lasiococcus, parviflorus) Wet Shrubland Sitka Alder / (dwarf bramble, thimbleberry) (NS) |
G4S4 | BM | |
|
Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata - Rubus spectabilis Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Sitka Alder / salmonberry (Murray 2000: 32; McCain 2004: 108; McCain et al. 2014: 66) |
G3S3 | WC | |
|
Betula occidentalis - Crataegus douglasii Wet Shrubland Water birch - Douglas hawthorn (NS) |
G1S1 | CB, BM, BR | |
|
Betula occidentalis - Philadelphus lewisii Wet Shrubland Water birch - Lewis' mockorange (Crowe et al. 2004: 174; NS) |
G2S2 | BM, BR | |
|
Betula occidentalis - Philadelphus lewisii - Symphoricarpos albus Wet Shrubland Water birch - Lewis' mockorange - common snowberry (Crowe et al. 2004: 175; Wells 2006: 106; NS) |
G2S2 | CB, BM | |
|
Celtis reticulata - Philadelphus lewisii Wet Scrub Netleaf hackberry - Lewis' mockorange (Crowe et al. 2004: 187; Wells 2006: 116, 118; NS) |
G1S1 | BM, CB | |
 |
Cornus sericea Pacific Shrub Swamp Creek dogwood (Crowe et al. 2004: 165, 167, 169, 171, 172, 226; Wells 2006: 108; NS) |
G4S3 | BM, BR, EC | |
|
Cornus sericea / Lysichiton americanus Shrub Swamp [Provisional] Creek dogwood / skunk cabbage (Murray 2000: 33; Christy 2004: 40) |
G3S3 | WC | |
|
Cornus sericea - Salix (hookeriana, sitchensis) Shrub Swamp Creek dogwood - (Hooker willow, Sitka willow) (NS) |
G3S3 | CR, WV | |
|
(Populus tremuloides) / Crataegus douglasii / Heracleum maximum Wet Shrubland (Quaking aspen) / Douglas hawthorn / cow parsnip (NS) |
G1S1 | CB | |
|
Crataegus douglasii - Rhamnus alnifolia Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Creek dogwood - alder buckthorn (Crowe et al. 2004: 177) |
G2S2 | CB | |
|
Crataegus douglasii - Rosa woodsii Wet Shrubland Douglas hawthorn / pearhip rose (Crowe et al. 2004: 179; NS) |
G2S2 | BM, BR | |
|
Crataegus douglasii - Philadelphus lewisii - Physocarpus malvaceus - Acer glabrum - Prunus virginiana Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Douglas hawthorn - Lewis' mockorange - mallow ninebark - mountain maple - chokecherry (Crowe et al. 2004: 182) |
G3S2 | BM, CB, EC | |
|
(Populus tremuloides) / Crataegus douglasii - Symphoricarpos albus Wet Shrubland (Quaking aspen) / Douglas hawthorn - common snowberry (Crowe et al. 2004: 180; Wells 2006: 110, 112; NS) |
G3S2 | CB | |
 |
Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda / Deschampsia caespitosa Wet Shrubland Shrubby cinquefoil / tufted hairgrass (Crowe et al. 2004: 229, 271; Wells 2006: 96; NS) |
G4S2 | BM | |
|
Kalmia microphylla / Carex nigricans Wet Dwarf-shrubland Small-leaved bog laurel / black alpine sedge (Crowe et al. 2004: 264; Wells 2006: 92; NS) |
G3S2 | BM, BR | |
|
Kalmia microphylla / Carex scopulorum Wet Dwarf-shrubland Bog laurel / mountain sedge (NS) |
G3S3 | BM | |
|
Malus fusca Shrub Swamp Oregon crabapple shrub-swamp (Christy 2004: 49; NS) |
G3S3 | CR, WV | |
.jpg) |
Oplopanax horridus - (Rubus spectabilis, Ribes bracteosum) Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Devil's club - (salmonberry, stink currant) (McCain 2004: 158, 214) |
G3S3 | CR, WC | |
 |
Philadelphus lewisii Wet Shrubland Lewis' mockorange (Crowe et al. 2004: 186; NS) |
G2S2 | BM, BR, CB, EC | |
|
Philadelphus lewisii - Symphoricarpos albus Wet Shrubland Lewis' mockorange - common snowberry (NS) |
G1S1 | CB | |
|
Phyllodoce empetriformis Parkland Alpine Dwarf-shrubland Pink mountain heather (Wells 2006: 94; McCain et al. 2014: 206, 215; NS |
G5S3 | BM, EC, WC | |
|
Phyllodoce empetriformis / Vaccinium deliciosum Alpine Dwarf-shrubland Pink mountain heather / Cascade bilberry (Crowe et al. 2004: 265; NS) |
G4S3 | BM, EC, WC | |
 |
Rhamnus alnifolia Riparian Wet Shrubland Alder buckthorn (Crowe et al. 2004: 225; NS) |
G3S2 | BM | |
 |
Ribes bracteosum - Rubus spectabilis / Chrysosplenium glechomifolium Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Stink currant - salmonberry / western golden carpet (McCain 2004: 200) |
G4S3 | CR | |
 |
Ribes bracteosum - Rubus spectabilis / mesic forbs Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Stink currant - salmonberry / mesic forbs (Murray 2000: 34; McCain 2004: 68, 94, 102, 207, 211) |
G4S3 | CR, WC | |
 |
Ribes lacustre - Ribes hudsonianum / Cinna latifolia Wet Shrubland Prickly currant - black currant / slender woodreed (Crowe et al. 2004: 189; NS) |
G2S2 | BM | |
|
Ribes lacustre - Ribes hudsonianum / Glyceria striata Wet Shrubland Prickly currant - black currant / fowl mannagrass (Crowe et al. 2004: 191; NS) |
G2S2 | BM | |
|
Rubus parviflorus / Achlys triphylla Riparian Shrubland [Provisional] Thimbleberry / vanillaleaf (McCain 2004: 76) |
G3S3 | WC | |
 |
Rubus spectabilis / mesic forbs Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Thimbleberry / vanillaleaf (McCain 2004: 76) |
G3S3 | WC | |
|
Rubus spectabilis / mesic forbs Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Stink currant - salmonberry / mesic forbs (McCain 2004: 221, 225, 234, 244) |
G4S3 | CR, WC | |
 |
Rubus spectabilis / Tolmiea menziesii Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Salmonberry / piggyback plant (McCain 2004: 86) |
G3S3 | CR, WC | |
|
Rubus spectabilis - Vaccinium ovalifolium / Lysichiton americanus Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Salmonberry - early blueberry / skunk cabbage (McCain 2004: 170) |
G3S3 | WC | |
 |
Rubus spectabilis - Vaccinium ovalifolium / Polystichum munitum Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Salmonberry - early blueberry / sword fern (McCain 2004: 239) |
G3S3 | CR | |
|
Salix amygdaloides - Salix exigua Riparian Woodland Peachleaf willow - narrow-leaved willow (NS) |
G1S1 | CB, BM | |
|
Salix boothii / Calamagrostis canadensis Wet Shrubland Booth willow / bluejoint reedgrass (Crowe et al. 2004: 256; Wells 2006: 84; NS) |
G3S3 | BM | |
|
Salix boothii / Carex scopulorum Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Booth willow / mountain sedge (Crowe et al. 2004: 253; Wells 2006: 78) |
G3S2 | BM | |
|
Salix boothii / Carex utriculata Wet Shrubland Booth willow / southern beaked sedge (Crowe et al. 2004: 273; NS) |
G4S3 | BM, EC | |
|
Salix boothii / Deschampsia cespitosa Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Booth willow / tufted hairgrass (Crowe et al. 2004: 257) |
G2S2 | BM, EC | |
|
Salix boothii / mesic forbs Wet Shrubland Booth willow / mesic forbs (Wells 2006: 82; NS) |
G3S3 | BM, EC | |
 |
Salix boothii / mesic graminoids Wet Shrubland Booth willow / mesic graminoids (Crowe et al. 2004: 284, 288; NS) |
G3S2 | BM, BR, EC | |
_CARAQU.jpg) |
Salix (boothii, geyeriana) / Carex aquatilis Wet Shrubland (Booth willow, Geyer willow) / aquatic sedge (Crowe et al. 2004: 279; NS) |
G3S3 | BM, EC | |
|
Salix boothii - Salix eastwoodiae / Carex nigricans Wet Shrubland Booth willow - mountain willow / black alpine sedge (Crowe et al. 2004: 258; NS) |
G3S2 | BM, EC | |
|
Salix boothii - Salix geyeriana / Carex angustata Wet Shrubland Booth willow - Geyer willow / widefruit sedge (Crowe et al. 2004: 282; NS) |
G2S2 | EC | |
|
Salix boothii - Salix lemmonii Wet Shrubland Booth willow - Lemmon willow (Crowe et al. 2004: 289; NS) |
G3S2 | EC, BM | |
|
Salix commutata / Carex aquatilis var. dives Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Undergreen willow / Sitka sedge (Murray 2000: 35) |
G3S2 | WC | |
 |
Salix commutata / Carex scopulorum Wet Shrubland Undergreen willow / mountain sedge (Christy 2004: 51; Crowe et al. 2004: 251; Wells 2006: 80; NS) |
G3S3 | BM, EC | |
|
Salix drummondiana / Carex scopulorum Wet Shrubland Drummond willow / mountain sedge (Wells 2006: 90; NS) |
G2S2 | BM | |
|
Salix drummondiana / mesic forbs Wet Shrubland Drummond willow / mesic forbs (NS) |
G4S1 | BM, BR | |
|
Salix eastwoodiae / Deschampsia caespitosa Wet Shrubland Sierra willow / tufted hairgrass (Odion et al. 2013: 100; NS) |
G3S1 | KM | |
|
Salix eastwoodiae - Salix boothii / Carex aquatilis [Provisional] Sierra willow - Booth willow / water sedge (Crowe et al. 2004: 254) |
G2S2 | BM, EC | |
|
Salix eastwoodiae - Salix commutata / Carex utriculata Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Sierra willow - undergreen willow / southern beaked sedge (Crowe et al. 2004: 255) |
G3S2 | BM, EC | |
 |
Salix exigua / gravel bar Wet Shrubland Narrow-leaved willow / gravel bar (Crowe et al. 2004: 291; Wells 2006: 86; NS) |
G5S4 | BM, BR, CB, EC | |
|
Salix exigua / Equisetum arvense Wet Shrubland Coyote willow / common horsetail (Crowe et al. 2004: 293; NS) |
G3S2 | BM, BR, CB, EC | |
|
Salix exigua - Salix lasiandra var. caudata Wet Shrubland Coyote willow - greenleaf willow (NS) |
G2S2 | BM, BR, CB, EC | |
|
Salix exigua - Salix lasiandra var. lasiandra - Cornus sericea Riparian Shrubland [Provisional] Coyote willow - Pacific willow - red-osier dogwood (Crowe et al. 2004: 294) |
G3S3 | BM, BR, CB, EC | |
|
Salix farriae / Allium validum - Carex scopulorum Farr's willow / Pacific swamp onion - mountain sedge (Crowe et al. 2004: 271; Wells 2006: 89) |
G2S1 | BM | |
|
Salix farriae / Carex aquatilis Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Farr's willow / water sedge (Crowe et al. 2004: 270; Wells 2006: 88) |
G2S1 | BM | |
|
Salix geyeriana / Calamagrostis canadensis Wet Shrubland Geyer willow / bluejoint reedgrass (Crowe et al. 2004: 272; NS) |
G5S3 | BM, EC | |
|
Salix geyeriana / Carex utriculata Wet Shrubland Geyer willow / southern beaked sedge (Crowe et al. 2004: 273; NS) |
G5S3 | BM, EC | |
|
Salix geyeriana / Deschampsia cespitosa - Carex nebrascensis Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Geyer willow / tufted hairgrass - Nebraska sedge (Crowe et al. 2004: 287) |
G3S2 | BM, EC | |
|
Salix geyeriana / mesic forbs Wet Shrubland Geyer willow / mesic forbs (NS) |
G3S3 | BM, EC | |
|
Salix geyeriana - Salix eriocephala Shrubland Geyer willow - rigid willow (NS) |
G3S1 | BR, CB | |
 |
Salix geyeriana - Salix hookeriana Wet Shrubland Geyer willow - Hooker willow (NS) |
G1S1 | CR, WV | |
|
Salix geyeriana - Salix lemmonii / Carex aquatilis var. dives Wet Shrubland Geyer willow - Lemmon willow / Sitka sedge (Murray 2000: 35; Crowe et al. 2004: 276; NS) |
G3S2 | EC | |
 |
Salix hookeriana - (Malus fusca) / Carex obnupta - Lysichiton americanus Wet Shrubland Hooker willow - (Oregon crabapple) / slough sedge - skunk cabbage (Christy 2004: 54; NS) |
G3S3 | CR | |
|
Salix hookeriana - Myrica californica Wet Shrubland Hooker willow - Pacific waxmyrtle (NS) |
G4S4 | CR | |
|
Salix lasiandra var. lasiandra / Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis Swamp Woodland Pacific willow / northwest nettle (Christy 2004: 55; NS) |
G2S2 | WV | |
|
Salix lasiandra var. lasiandra Riparian Shrubland [Provisional] Pacific willow (Crowe et al. 2004: 297) |
G3S3 | BM, BR, EC | |
|
Salix lasiandra var. lasiandra / wet graminoids Wet shrubland [Provisional] Pacific willow / wet graminoids (Crowe et al. 2004: 299) |
G3S2 | BM, BR, EC | |
 |
Salix lasiandra var. lasiandra - Salix exigua var. columbiana Swamp Woodland Pacific willow - Columbia River willow (NS) |
G3S2 | WV | |
|
Salix lasiandra var. lasiandra - Salix sitchensis / Lysichiton americanus Swamp Woodland [Provisional] Pacific willow - Sitka willow / skunk cabbage (Christy 2004: 56) |
G2S2 | CR, WV | |
|
Salix lasiolepis - Rosa woodsii / mixed herbs Wet Shrubland Arroyo willow - pearhip rose / mixed herbs (Crowe et al. 2004: 301; NS) |
G3S2 | BM, BR, CB | |
|
Salix lemmonii - Rosa woodsii Wet Shrubland Lemmon's willow - pearhip rose (Crowe et al. 2004: 302; NS) |
G3S2 | BM, BR, CB, EC | |
 |
Salix lutea / Carex utriculata Wet Shrubland Rigid willow / beaked sedge (NS) |
G4S2 | BM | |
|
Salix (melanopsis, sitchensis) Cobble Bar Shrubland (Dusky willow, Sitka willow) (Crowe et al. 2004: 247; NS) |
G3S3 | BM | |
|
Salix pedicellaris / (Carex aquatilis var. dives) Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Bog willow / (Sitka sedge) (Murray 2000: 35) |
G2S2 | WC | |
|
Salix petrophila / Carex subnigricans Wet Dwarf-shrubland [Provisional] Rock loving willow / nearlyblack sedge (Crowe et al. 2004: 268) |
G3S1 | BM | |
|
Salix petrophila - Salix boothii / Eleocharis quinqueflora Wet Dwarf-shrubland [Provisional] Rock loving willow - Booth's willow / few-flowered spikerush (Crowe et al. 2004: 269; Wells 2006: 76) |
G3S1 | BM | |
|
Salix planifolia var. planifolia / (Carex aquatilis var. dives) Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Tea leaf willow/ (Sitka sedge) (Murray 2000: 36) |
G2S2 | WC | |
|
Salix prolixa - Rosa woodsii Wet Shrubland Mackenzie's willow - pearhip rose (Crowe et al. 2004: 296; NS) |
G2S2 | CB, BM, BR | |
|
Salix scouleriana Riparian Shrubland [Provisional] Scouler's willow (Crowe et al. 2004: 300) |
G3S3 | BM, BR, EC | |
|
Salix sitchensis Wet Shrubland Sitka willow (NS) |
G4S4 | KM, WV | |
|
Salix sitchensis / Equisetum arvense - Petasites frigidus Wet Shrubland Sitka willow / common horsetail - sweet coltsfoot (Murray 2000: 36, 37; Christy 2004: 57; McCain 2004: 50; NS) |
G4S3 | CR, WC | |
 |
Spiraea douglasii Wet Shrubland Douglas spiraea (Christy 2004: 58; NS) |
G5S4 | CR, EC, KM, WC, WV | |
|
Spiraea douglasii - Rosa woodsii / Scirpus microcarpus [Provisional] Douglas spiraea - pearhip rose / small-fruited bulrush (Crowe et al. 2004: 228) |
G3S3 | EC | |
|
Spiraea douglasii - Vaccinium uliginosum / Carex (aquatilis var. dives, exsiccata) Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Douglas spiraea - bog bilberry / (Sitka sedge, western inflated sedge) (Murray 2000: 37, 38; McCain et al. 2014: 120) |
G3S3 | WC | |
|
Spiraea douglasii - Viburnum edule / Viola palustris Wet Shrubland [Provisional] Douglas spiraea - highbush cranberry / marsh violet (Murray 2000: 38) |
G2S2 | WV | |
 |
Vaccinium ovalifolium Riparian Shrubland [Provisional] Early blueberry (Murray 2000: 39; McCain 2004: 110) |
G4S3 | WC | |
Authored by John A. Christy, Wetlands Ecologist, (ORBIC) Oregon Biodiversity Information Center (2012 rev. 2017)
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