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The development of non-toxic, biodegradable vegetable oils as alternatives to petroleum derived quenchants and their influence on residual stresses and dimensional changes of AISI 4140 and AISI H13 modified...
Vegetable and animal oils as a class of fluids have been used for hundreds of years, if not longer, as quenchants for hardening steel. However, when petroleum oils became available in the late 1800s and early...