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  1. Genetic Markers in Plant Evolutionary Ecology

    Genetic markers have provided plant ecologists with a method of assessing levels of genetic relatedness among individuals and populations. In recent years a number of techniques based on DNA sequence variation...

  2. Patterns of Fitness and Fluctuating Asymmetry Across a Broad Hybrid Zone

    We estimated levels of developmental instability in leaves, as indicated by fluctuating asymmetry (i.e., random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry), across a broad hybrid zone between two taxa in the...

  3. Is Biomass a Reliable Estimate of Plant Fitness?

    The measurement of fitness is critical to biological research. Although the determination of fitness for some organisms may be relatively straightforward under controlled conditions, it is often a difficult or...

  4. Temporal patterns of nectar and pollen production in Aralia hispida: implications for reproductive success

    Large plants of Aralia hispida present their pollen and nectar in hundreds of small flowers than open sequentially over 2—3 wk in a pattern of synchronized protandry that alternates male and female phases....

  5. Consequences of Mycorrhizal Colonization for Piriqueta Morphotypes under Drought Stress

    Field and greenhouse studies have shown that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve plant growth in environments with restricted water availability. The benefits of AMF symbiosis vary among plant...

  6. Variation in Sex Allocation and Floral Morphology in an Expanding Distylous Plant Hybrid Complex

    Premise of research. Sex allocation, the relative energy devoted to producing pollen, ovules, and floral displays, can significantly affect reproductive output and population dynamics. In this study, we...

  7. Evidence of reduced arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization in multiple lines of Bt maize

    Premise of the Study: Insect-resistant Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize is widely cultivated, yet few studies have examined the interaction of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with different lines...

  8. Contributions of Heterosis and Epistasis to Hybrid Fitness

    Early-generation hybrid fitness is difficult to interpret because heterosis can obscure the effects of hybrid breakdown. We used controlled reciprocal crosses and common garden experiments to distinguish...

  9. Field Evaluation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Colonization in Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin-Expressing (Bt) and Non-Bt...

    The cultivation of genetically engineered Bacillus thuringiensis toxin-expressing (Bt) maize continues to increase worldwide, yet the effects of Bt crops on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil are poorly...

  10. Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Micro-UAVs, Drones) in Plant Ecology

    Premise of the study: Low-elevation surveys with small aerial drones (micro–unmanned aerial vehicles [UAVs]) may be used for a wide variety of applications in plant ecology, including mapping vegetation over...

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